Bisnis Indonesia, Kamis, 3 Juli 2008
Ditangkapnya sejumlah anggota DPR oleh KPK seakan mengonfirmasi maraknya korupsi di lembaga itu. Kemarakan itu sekaligus melegitimasi hasil survei Transparency International Indonesia bahwa dewan merupakan lembaga terkorup nomor dua di negeri ini, setelah kepolisian dan pengadilan, disusul partai politik.
Citra DPR makin diperburuk oleh ditangkapnya Bulyan Royan oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Bersama anggota Fraksi Partai Bintang Reformasi itu ditemukan uang tunai senilai US$66.000 dan 5.500 euro (sekitar Rp607,2 juta)
KPK menduga Bulyan terkait dengan pembelian kapal patroli di Ditjen Perhubungan Laut, Departemen Perhubungan. Politisi Senayan itu bersama penyuapnya-Dedy Suwarsono, Direktur PT Bina Mina Karya Perkasa-telah ditetapkan sebagai tersangka.
Sebelum Bulyan, KPK telah menangkap sejumlah anggota DPR dalam kasus suap. Mereka adalah Hamka Yandhu dan Antony Z. Abidin, Al-Amin Nasution, Noor Adenan Razak, dan Sarjan Taher.
Penangkapan sejumlah anggota DPR itu sungguh memalukan. Hal ini karena mereka menyandang predikat sebagai wakil rakyat “yang terhormat.” Sebagai wakil rakyat “yang terhormat,” anggota dewan seharusnya menjaga harkat dan martabatnya, bukan mempraktikkan tindakan yang tercela.
Bagi anggota DPR, uang bukan masalah. Apalagi mereka digaji cukup tinggi, sekitar Rp45 juta-50 juta per bulan. Gaji itu belum termasuk fasilitas dan penghasilan tambahan, seperti uang kehadiran rapat.
Namun, penghasilan yang tinggi belum menjamin seseorang tidak tergoda melakukan korupsi. Mengingat uang dan kekuasaan merupakan dua dari tiga kelemahan manusia, maka anggota DPR harus memiliki integritas diri yang kuat berdasarkan etika dan moral, selain aturan yang membatasi mereka dari perbuatan tercela.
Hal ini penting karena korupsi, terutama yang terjadi di DPR, umumnya didorong oleh sedikitnya tiga hal. Pertama, kebutuhan terhadap uang.
Seperti manusia umumnya, seorang politisi juga membutuhkan uang untuk membiayai aktivitasnya. Uang yang diperlukan seorang politisi biasanya lebih besar.
Dana yang besar ini di antaranya untuk memperjuangkan nomor urut dalam daftar calon anggota legislatif, memelihara hubungan dengan pemilih, dan mengamankan posisi di parpol. Hal ini karena untuk menduduki kursi DPR diperlukan kedekatan hubungan dengan petinggi parpol, bukan prestasi apalagi kualitas.
Kedua, adanya peluang untuk melakukan korupsi. Dalam menjalankan fungsinya-yaitu legislasi, pengawasan, dan anggaran-DPR memiliki peluang besar untuk ‘bermain’ dengan pejabat di lembaga eksekutif dan yudikatif. Akibatnya, praktik korupsi dan suap sulit dihindarkan.
Posisi DPR yang menentukan dalam menjalankan tiga fungsi itu juga merupakan alat untuk melakukan praktik korupsi. Makin kuat posisi tersebut, makin besar pula kemungkinan bagi anggota dewan untuk memperoleh uang dalam jumlah yang besar pula.
Ketiga, sistem yang longgar karena lemahnya penegakan hukum. Meski ada ketentuan yang mengatur pelanggaran yang dilakukan anggota DPR, sanksi yang dijatuhkan kurang menimbulkan efek jera.
Hal ini karena keanggotaan di DPR bersifat kolektif-kolegial, sementara pimpinan lebih sebagai penentu arah kebijakan. Maka peran fraksi dan parpol asal anggota harus diperkuat lewat mekanisme recalling.
Harian ini mengimbau semua lembaga negara, parpol, dan sektor swasta agar melakukan pengawasan yang ketat terhadap para petingginya. Kepada lembaga penegak hukum, terutama KPK, diharapkan serius membasmi korupsi karena praktik itu sangat merugikan masyarakat.
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